Billing Insulin & Related Supplies – Medicare Part B vs Part D

PAAS National® analysts frequently field questions about billing insulin and related supplies – this can be particularly confusing when the patient has Medicare coverage. Coverage of insulin and related supplies may depend on both the type of Medicare benefit and how the item is being used. Specifically, insulin vials and alcohol swabs could be covered under either Medicare Part B or Part D!

Remember that Medicare patients could have prescription and medical benefits that are separate or combined.

  • Separate: stand-alone medical benefit Fee-for-Service (FFS), also known as “Original Medicare” + stand-alone pharmacy benefit through a Part D Plan (PDP)
  • Combined:  medical and pharmacy benefit under one roof (sometimes called Medicare Part C) through Medicare Advantage (MAPD) Plan

Here is a chart to help you identify the correct payer depending on the type of Medicare benefit and the item in question.

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Pharmacy Medical Combined
Medicare Part D (PDP) Original FFS Medicare

(Part B/DMEPOS)

 Medicare Advantage

(MAPD)
Insulin supplies
 Insulin pen Yes No Yes
 Insulin vial for self-administration Yes No Yes
 Insulin vial for pump1 No Yes Yes
 Insulin syringes Yes No Yes
 Alcohol Swabs for Part D drug2 Yes No Yes
 Alcohol Swabs for glucose testing No Yes Yes
Testing Supplies
 Test Strips No Yes Yes
 Lancets No Yes Yes

A few nuances to keep in mind:

  1. Generally, insulin for a pump is covered under Medicare Part B, unless the patient does not meet coverage criteria. See September 2020 PAAS Newsline article Billing Insulin for a Pump is Tricky, Especially for Medicare Patients for more details.
  2. Alcohol swabs are only covered under Part D when used for a Part D “drug” (like insulin or Humira®) according to Section 10.5 of the CMS Prescription Drug Benefit Manual Chapter 6. Additionally, PBMs are likely to audit for high AWP alcohol swabs or when used in excess (i.e., if patient is to use both “before and after” injection). See August 2019 PAAS Newsline article Why Would Anyone Audit Alcohol Swabs? for more details.

PAAS Tips:

  • If you are unsure about a patient’s Medicare coverage (PDP vs MAPD), then ask to see a copy of their card and look for “MAPD” or “Medicare Advantage” wording or call pharmacy help desk if needed
  • If a Medicare patient presents a prescription for insulin vials, clarify if self-administered or used in a pump
    • The instructions for use may make the route clear such that no clarifications are needed
    • The presence of insulin syringes on patient’s profile may also make the route apparent
  • If a Medicare patient presents a prescription for alcohol swabs, clarify what they are being used with

COVID-19 Vaccine Administration Audit Risk (including New PAAS Resource)

With additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine being approved comes additional opportunities for COVID-19 audits, particularly in the realm of vaccine administration to Medicare beneficiaries at their homes and to the immunocompromised patient population.

At the beginning of June, Medicare began their initiative of paying approximately $75 per vaccine dose administered to patients who have difficulties leaving their homes or are considered “hard-to-reach”.  Effective August 24, 2021, Medicare broadened the locations in which patients can receive vaccine administration to include “communal space of a multi-unit or communal living arrangement.” Additionally, Medicare allowed for increased payment, allowing for the $75 payment amount up to a maximum of five vaccine administration services within a single group living location as long as less than 10 Medicare patients receive the COVID-19 vaccination dose on the same day at the same location. Take the following example of two Medicare beneficiaries in the same household which was laid out in CMS’ Medicare Payment for COVID-19 Vaccination Administration in the Home document, and serves as a great reference document to have on hand if providing at home COVID-19 vaccinations:

  • From June 8, 2021 to August 24, 2021: Medicare pays approximately $115 ($35 for the in-home vaccination rate plus 2 x $40 for each dose of the COVID-19 vaccine)
  • Effective August 24, 2021: Medicare pays approximately $150 (2 x $35 for the in-home vaccination rate plus 2 x $40 for each dose of the COVID-19 vaccine)

The audit risk lies in the need to document.

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To avoid risking an audit recoupment, there must be clear documentation to support their, “clinical status or barriers they face to getting the vaccine outside the home”. CMS provides the following situations:

  • They have a condition, due to an illness or injury, that restricts their ability to leave home without a supportive device or help from a paid or unpaid caregiver
  • They have a condition that makes them more susceptible to contracting a pandemic disease like COVID-19
  • The patient is hard-to-reach because they have a disability or face clinical, socioeconomic, or geographical barriers to getting a COVID-19 vaccine in settings other than their home. These patients face challenges that significantly reduce their ability to get vaccinated outside the home, such as challenges with transportation, communication, or caregiving

Secondarily, there could be audit risk tied to administering an additional dose of vaccine, again due to the need for proper documentation. Note that a third dose of the vaccine is separate and distinct from administering a booster dose of the vaccine. Refer to the table below for the specific details of each:

Additional (Third) Dose1 Booster Dose2
 Patient Demographic
  • Been receiving active cancer treatment for tumors or cancers of the blood
  • Received an organ transplant and are taking medicine to suppress the immune system
  • Received a stem cell transplant within the last 2 years or are taking medicine to suppress the immune system
  • Moderate or severe primary immunodeficiency (such as DiGeorge syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome)
  • Advanced or untreated HIV infection
  • Active treatment with high-dose corticosteroids or other drugs that may suppress your immune system
  • Individuals 65 years of age or older
  • Individuals 18-64 years old at high risk of severe COVID-19
  • Individuals 18-64 years old whose frequent institutional or occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 puts them at high risk of serious complications of COVID-19 including severe COVID-19
 3rd Vaccine Dosing Interval At least 28 days after 2nd dose At least 6 months after 2nd dose
 Effective Start Date mRNA COVID-19 vaccine –

Approved 9/2/2021

 Pfizer-BioNTech –

Approved 9/24/21

1 CDC COVID-19 Vaccines for Moderately to Severely Immunocompromised People

2 CDC Statement on ACIP Booster Recommendations

PAAS recommends having the patient attest to qualifying for an additional (third) dose, or booster dose, of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, although we do not believe knowing the patient’s exact diagnosis or condition is necessary. In a meeting between the CDC and NCPDP, it was stated that, “Providers should be responsible to receive attestation from patients regarding appropriate timelines”. Included in October’s Newsline is a new resource: COVID-19 Vaccine Additional (Third) Dose and Booster Dose Self-Attestation of Eligibility. You can find this resource under our Tools & Aids section of the PAAS Member Portal (portal.paasnational.com). Pharmacies can use this attestation for patients to fill out at the time of vaccine administration. Consider filing it with your placeholder prescription for easy retrieval.

Getting Help with an Audit

Oh no! You just received an audit, now what? First step is to get your audit notice to PAAS National® as soon as you receive them.

Pre-audit assistance steps:

  1. Call (608) 873-1342 to get a case step-up for your incoming audit notice
  2. Send in your audit, one of three ways and please reference the case number upon sending in:
    • Email the audit notice to info@paasnational.com
    • Fax to (608) 873-4009
    • Upload an audit on the PAAS Member Portal under “Access Services” in the left hand navigation
  3. Upon receiving your notice, a PAAS Analyst will reach out to you within 1-2 business days to guide you on next steps and documentation collection.

Post-audit/appeal assistance:

  1. Get your audit results to PAAS as soon as you receive them via email info@paasnational.com or fax (608) 873-4009, please reference the case number upon sending in. Note: If you don’t have a case set-up with us from pre-audit assistance, please call (608) 873-1342 to start a case.
  2. Upon receiving the results, a PAAS Analyst will review your results and provide appeal guidance as soon as possible.

PAAS Tip:

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  • Send all pages of audit notice to PAAS before you start document collection
  • All audits have deadlines, time is of an essence for getting PAAS the notice and/or appeals. The more time we have the better.
  • When additional information is requested, organize documents in order as per the audit notice
  • If you have multiple pages, numbering the pages has provided many benefits including:
    1. Better organization
    2. Ensuring nothing is missing
    3. Making phone calls with PAAS team or PBM auditor more efficient

Humana Audit Program Updates

On July 1, 2021 Humana updated three audit program documents and published them on their public pharmacy resources page under the “Manuals and forms: Audit guide, claim form and other materials” tab section. Below is a list of the three documents and important updates for each.

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Humana Pharmacy Solutions Audit Uniform Prescriber Statement Form

  • One page document necessary to appeal various discrepancy codes
  • New as of July 1, 2021
  • Replaces the Prescriber Statement that was required to be handwritten on prescriber pre-printed prescription pads
  • Prescriber statements will not be accepted during appeal unless submitted on this form

Humana Pharmacy Solutions Audit Discrepancy Code List

  • Eight page document that describes each discrepancy code, identifies the financial outcomes, and acceptable appeal materials (coined “mitigating documentation”)
  • There are no longer references to the Corrected Values Form
  • Pharmacies may submit documentation to appeal discrepancies that otherwise would result in a $5.00 Administrative Penalty (e.g. Incorrect Origin Code IOCP)
  • Some discrepancies may now be appealed with electronic date/time stamped notes from your pharmacy system
  • There are now 4 codes describing different Invalid Signature Logs (instead of 1) that provides more appeal flexibility
  • Missing Signature Logs (MSL) may now be appealed with original signature logs rather than having to get a Member Statement (in some states)
  • Wrong Hard Copy (WHC) may now be appealed with a Prescriber Statement
  • Member Statements (PAAS National® often calls these “Patient Affidavits”) that are signed by someone other than the patient must include signature, print name and relationship to the patient

Humana Pharmacy Solutions Audit and Claim Review Guide

  • Twenty-one page document explains Humana audit program, processes and documentation requirements
  • Section 2.1.4 explains that pharmacies will be assessed a 25% penalty (capped at $10,000) for late submissions for desk audits – if no response is submitted by the post-audit (appeal) due date, then Humana may assess 100% claim recoupment
  • Section 2.2 explains that onsite audits may review up to 150 claims and that pharmacies wishing to reschedule must request within 7 days of the audit letter
  • Section 5.9 states that Humana does not require pharmacies to break boxes of insulin pens and that pharmacies may submit max day supply on claims and monitor for future refill appropriateness (e.g. the PAAS “ILQ process”)
  • FAQ #15 explains that audit results are typically sent within 30-60 days (PAAS often finds that Humana results take longer to receive than many other PBMs that often send results < 30 days)

Self-Audit Series #6: Transfer Prescriptions

Transferred prescriptions are at high risk for audit recoupment. The PBMs are hitting pharmacies on incomplete transferred prescriptions based on missing required elements. In many cases, these discrepancies are flagged as “law violations” and are difficult to appeal. Your state has specific elements that must be documented on the transferred prescription. Don’t let a simple mistake cost you big money!

PAAS Tips:

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  • Always double check your transferred prescriptions against your state’s transfer requirements to avoid these recoupments. Contact PAAS (608) 873-1342 or info@paasnational.com if you need assistance obtaining a copy of your state transfer elements.
  • Consider utilizing a dedicated transfer prescription pad with blanks for required elements specific to your state.
  • If your pharmacy has a “transfer screen” where information is recorded, be sure to provide this information during a desk or on-site audit.
  • Section 3.14 of NCPDP Version D Questions and Answers states , all transfers should be billed with origin code 5 regardless of how you receive the prescription from the other pharmacy.
  • Be sure the original written date, not the transfer date, is entered into your pharmacy system to avoid refilling beyond the legal expiration date.
  • Ensure staff involved in receiving and typing  transferred prescriptions are familiar with the required elements of a valid transfer in your state.
  • Please see our May 2021 Newsline article Forwarding Unfilled Electronic Prescriptions for best practice when pharmacies are under common ownership or combo shop pharmacies.
  • Routinely perform a self-audit for prescriptions with an origin code of 5 and check the hard copies for accuracy.
  • Catch up on this year’s self-audit series:

LifeScan Hires Law Firm to Pursue Pharmacies Purchasing from Unauthorized Distributors

Test strip manufacturers sit in a unique position when it comes to monitoring nonprescription diabetic supply purchasing and dispensing. Manufacturers acquire purchase histories from authorized distributors regarding the volume of test strip products ordered by a pharmacy. Additionally, manufacturers can obtain information regarding the amount of test strip-associated rebates paid to PBMs by NCPDP number. With simple math, the manufacturer can identify when a pharmacy has not ordered diabetic test strips from a source they authorize.

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This was the premise for a law firm who went after pharmacies on behalf of Lifescan, the manufacturer of One Touch test strips. The law firm wrote correspondence to pharmacies, notifying them of alleged discrepancies between claims they submitted, and were subsequently paid for, and the purchase history obtained from a LifeScan Authorized Distributor.

In fact, legal action pertaining to test strip manufacturers alleging pharmacies and/or distributors malpractices have a long-standing history. In 2015, Abbott filed a complaint that U.S. pharmacies, wholesalers, and other distributors were selling Freestyle® test strips intended for sale internationally. This prompted both Caremark and Express Scripts to change their policies regarding authorized distributor use due to manufacturers withholding millions in rebates owed to PBMs. In 2019, Roche Diagnostics filed multiple lawsuits claiming, “nationwide fraud for improper sourcing or billing of diabetic test strips that caused the manufacturer to pay millions of dollars in unwarranted rebates.” This was previously written about in May 2019’s Newsline article, Fraud Risk with Diabetic Test Strip “Authorized Distributors” and Manufacturer Lawsuits.

It is of the utmost importance that the test strip distributor(s) pharmacies choose are properly vetted. PAAS National® has assisted on numerous cases pertaining to test strip manufacturers and PBMs trying to recoup funds on the premise of pharmacies utilizing unauthorized distributors. Pharmacies may think they are saving money, but the repercussions can be exorbitant, including recoupments, contract termination, and legal actions.

Manufacturers have compiled a list of authorized distributors which is posted on their websites. Refer to each manufacturer’s online authorized distributor list prior to purchasing test strips. Note that Drug Distributor Accreditation (DDA), formerly Verified-Accredited Wholesale Distributors (VAWD) is not the same as being an authorized distributor.

Abbott® (Freestyle): https://www.diabetescare.abbott/ click on “Distributors” at the bottom of the page

Ascensia® (Contour® Next): https://www.contournext.com/ click on “Distributors” at the bottom of the page

LifeScan® (OneTouch®): https://www.lifescan.com/transparency

Roche® (Accu-Chek®): https://rxvp.accu-chek.com/welcome/adr_list

Audit Risk: Ivermectin Used for Treating COVID-19 (September Update)

Ivermectin has been getting a lot of press as of late, from news outlets, national associations, and federal agencies, regarding the dangers of using it to treat or prevent COVID-19. While many of the reports discuss the concern about using veterinary products, there are also many reports of adverse effects when using high, and unauthorized or unapproved, doses of human products.

In March of 2021, the FDA published an article titled Why You Should Not Use Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19 which lays out some of the reasons it is currently considered an ill-advised treatment, including not being an anti-viral drug, potential for serious patient harm when taken in large doses, and potential for patients to access via illegitimate sources and/or medications intended for animals. Subsequently, the CDC issued an official health advisory on August 26 to remind both clinicians and the public about the lack of evidence to support ivermectin use for COVID-19 and the potential dangers. Despite the FDA warning, the CDC advisory indicated a 24-fold increase in the number of outpatient prescriptions being prescribed, compared to the pre-pandemic baseline.

Consequently, PAAS is seeing more PBM audits on ivermectin prescriptions. Pharmacies should be prepared to

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have claims looked at for potential recoupment on the basis of “clinical appropriateness”. Pharmacists should give extra scrutiny to telemedicine prescribers who may not have a valid patient-provider relationship, be prescribing outside their scope of practice, or not licensed in the state in which the patient resides.

Due to the exponential increase in prescribing and dispensing, the AMA, APhA and ASHP issued a joint press release on September 1, 2021 calling for an immediate end to the prescribing, dispensing, and use of ivermectin for COVID-19 outside of clinical trials.

PAAS Tips:

  • See our July 2021 Article, Audit Risk: Ivermectin Used for Treating COVID-19
  • Prescriptions successfully processed at point-of-sale do not guarantee payment. PBMs, and payers, use pay and chase methods to recoup claims to avoid inhibiting potentially needed access to medications.
  • Prescriptions dispensed for cash may still carry risk (outside the scope of PAAS audit services).
    • While off-label prescribing is commonplace, what is atypical with ivermectin treatment for COVID is the FDA, CDC, NIH, and National Medical and Pharmacy Organizations recommending against its utility. Consequently, this seems to open the door for potential malpractice lawsuits to occur.
    • At face value, would a prescription be considered reasonable in the face of the aforementioned opposition, or does the pandemic environment and a pharmacist’s experience and professional judgement supersede?

Medicare Part D Audits: Top 11 Areas for Scrutiny

By Karen Blum, Published August 26, 2021 by Specialty Pharmacy Continuum

Medicare Part D pharmacy audits are on the rise, and pharmacists would be wise to adapt their business practices and know how to respond, an audit expert said at the virtual MHA 2021 Business Summit.

“Prior to COVID-19, we’ve seen a nearly 80% increase in audits that pharmacies experience,” said Trenton Thiede, PharmD, MBA, the president of PAAS National®, a pharmacy audit assistance company. These have primarily been from pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) but also by plan sponsors and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Dr. Thiede noted. The increase has occurred partly as a result of escalating health care costs and the opioid epidemic, as well as instances of fraud, waste and abuse, he said. There’s been a shift from on-site to more quick turnaround desk audits that try to validate quick outliers, such as high-dollar items or incorrect days’ supply. Nearly one-fourth of desk audits seen by his company now are for these prescription validation requests, he said.

Over the past year, due to COVID-19, many PBMs have conducted virtual audits. These take elements from both on-site and desk audits, Dr. Thiede said, asking compliance questions, requiring photos of the pharmacy area and copies of licenses, as well as requesting copies of prescriptions and signature logs.

Pharmacy owners who don’t perform well on audits face risking their reputation, license, fines and even imprisonment, he said. Financial recoveries are common, but his firm is seeing more and more network terminations due to poor compliance or bad actors.

Overall, pharmacies need the following items to perform well on audits: prescriptions that are legal and valid per state and federal laws, proof of filling and billing accurately, proof of dispensing, proof of copay collection, and documents to prove enough inventory was purchased from an appropriate source.

Common audit discrepancies can occur over items such as missing, invalid or altered prescriptions; unauthorized refills; refilling medication too soon; incorrect dispense-as-written (DAW) codes; missing or invalid signature logs; and issues delivering medication greater than 10 days after the date of fill, Dr. Thiede said.

Dr. Thiede presented the top 11 audit discrepancy areas noted by his firm, and advised how to prepare for them. >>Learn more

Humana Notice of Erroneous Billing under Medicare’s Limited Income Newly Eligible Transition Program (LINET)

Brace yourself, a Humana LINET recoupment could be in your future. LINET is a program that started January 1, 2010 under CMS, designed to simplify Part D prescription drug coverage for Medicare beneficiaries who are eligible for Medicaid (dual eligible) or the Medicare Low-Income Subsidy (LIS).

PAAS National® has received an exorbitant number of audits from Humana, the administrator for the LINET program, in the past two weeks. Pharmacies should be concerned about these supposed “overpayments” going back 6+ years and the potential industry implications that lie ahead. PAAS has researched the issue and wants to help your pharmacy respond to these egregious attacks on your business.

SPECIAL: Join PAAS for 1 year, instead of 2 years today to get assistance with this recoupment.

Call us at (608) 873-1342 or go to ‘Buy Now’ to join today!

PAAS’ insight and proactive guidance will help you build an audit wall around your pharmacy. We want to save you vast amounts of TIME and MONEY. See why more than 5,000 pharmacies across the US agree. As a member, you receive an unlimited amount of one-on-one audit assistance—as much as you need!

As Seen in Fortune: Pharmacies Face Extra Audit Burdens …

PAAS National® provided data for the article “Pharmacies face extra audit burdens that threaten their existence” published August 6, 2021 on Fortune.com:

According to data from PAAS National, a pharmacy audit assistance service, while the number of pharmacy audits in 2020 declined nearly 14% from the year before, the overall number of prescriptions reviewed went up 40%. That meant pharmacies had to provide more documentation and stood to lose much more money if auditors could find any reason — even minor clerical errors — to deny payments.

The average audit in 2020 cost pharmacies $23,978, 35% more than the annual average over the previous five years, the PAAS data shows. And the number of prescriptions reviewed in September and October was fourfold over what PAAS members had seen in previous years.

And Trent Thiede, President at PAAS National® was quoted:

Trent Thiede, president of PAAS National®, said many of the more than 5,000 pharmacies he works with stepped up to offer covid testing and shots and to become an even bigger resource for customers during this health crisis. “With vaccinations in full swing, priorities should be focused on serving patients and our communities, not responding to audit requests,” Thiede said.

When auditors come in person, they primarily do the review themselves, occasionally asking pharmacists to pull additional documentation.

“In these virtual audits, you have to pull the prescription, put it through a copier of some kind, get everything aggregated, get all the signature logs. They want your license off the wall. They want all the employee licenses faxed,” Thiede said. “It’s a lot more laborious for these pharmacies.”

Read the complete article here from the beginning